Introduction

Test of Reasoning is the only subject which is not taught in any school or colleges. It has to be practiced and applied through ones self sense of mind. Test of Reasoning is a bit of complex subject and hence many students fail to score well in Government Bank Exams conducted by SBI, RBI, RRB and IBPS for recruitment of Probaitonary Officers and Clerical Staff across India. This section gives you insights about the basics of Test of Reasoning. You can also download free notes and free PDF for Reasoning Aptitude of Government Bank Exams conducted by SBI, RBI, RRB and IBPS for the recruitment of Bank PO and clerical cadre staff.

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What you will learn

Our Main goal is to make Reasoning Aptitude easy for every student to understand. In this section you will learn :

• Test Of Reasoning Basic Knowledge
• Improve your skills in Reasoning Aptitude
• Mastery to understand Test Of Reasoning
• Became an exeprt in limited time

13.    SYLLOGISM

 

Following are the main rules for solving Syllogism Problems

 

Rule-1.All+All=All

Rule-2.All+No=No

Rule-3.All+Some=No Conclusion

Rule-4.Some+All=Some

Rule-5.Some+No= Some Not

Rule-6.Some+Some= No Conclusion

Rule-7.No +All = Some Not(Reversed)

Rule-8.No+Some=Some Not (Reversed)

Rule-9.No+No=No Conclusion

Rule-10.Some Not /Some Not Reversed +Anything = No Conclusion

 

If u want to convert any conclusion in Possibility

 

Rule-11.If - All A are B then we can say - Some B are Not A is a Possibility

Rule-12.If - Some B are Not A then we can say - All A are B is a Possibility

Rule-13.If - Some A are B then we can say - All A are B is a Possibility All B are A is a Possibility

Rule-14.All Some Not Reversed

Rule-15.Some => All

Rule-16.NO Conclusion = Any Possibility is true

 

Implications (In case of Conclusion from Single Statement)

 

All =>  Some                that means if All A are B then Some B are A is true

Some Some              that means if Some A are B then Some B are A is true

No No                  that means if No A is B then NO B is A  is true

 

There are Two Major Ways to solve syllogism questions

 

Cross Cancellation and Vertical Cancellation

 

Example 1. Cross Cancellation

 

Statements

1.All forces are Energies

2.All Energies are Powers

3.No Power is Heat

 

Conclusions

1.No Energy is Heat

2.Some Forces being heat is Possibility

Solution - Lets take 1^st  conclusion, we have to make relation between Energy and Heat so we will take statement 2 and 3

 

All Energies are Powers

No Power is Heat

 

This will be called Cross Cancellation , We have cancelled Power from Power so we have left with (ALL+NO) Energies is/are Heat , and that is No Energy is Heat So Conclusion First is TRUE.

 

In second statement we have Force and Heat so we will need to make relation between force and heat. For this we need to take all 3 statements

 

All forces are Energies

All Energies are Powers

No Power Is Heat

 

[All+All=All ; All+No=No]

 

Now we have left with ((All+All)+NO) Forces is/are Heat and that is NO Force is Heat . We don t have any rule to convert this statement is Possibility so second conclusion is FALSE

 

Example 2 - Vertical Cancellation

 

Statements

1.Some Mails are Chats

2.All Updates are Chats

 

Conclusion

1.All Mails Being Update is a Possibility

2.No Update is Mail

 

Solution - Lets take 1^st Conclusion All Mails Being Update is a Possibility that means we have to make relation between Mails and Updates

 

Some Mails are Chats

All Updates are Chats

 

This is called vertical cancellation. In this case direction of adding first phrase will be reversed i.e In  Above example the conclusion will be (All+Some) Updates is/are Mails = No Conclusion. 

 

IF we get No Conclusion in case of Possibility then according to Rule No 16 possibility case will be definitely true . So Conclusion 1 follows and Conclusion 2^nd Don t .

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